You can run an SQL Server query in ADODB that will do this.
This is an old example, but it did work.
Option Explicit
Sub ADOXLtoSQLSRV()
Dim cn As ADODB.Connection
Dim strConn As String
Dim strSQL As String
Dim strXLSource As String
Dim lngRecsAff As Long
strConn = strConn & "Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=BIG-TOSH;"
strConn = strConn & "Initial Catolog=Customers;Trusted_Connection=YES"
Set cn = New ADODB.Connection
cn.Open strConn
strXLSource = "C:\\AccountNos.xls;Extended Properties=Excel 12.0"
strSQL = " INSERT INTO Customers.dbo.XLImport "
strSQL = strSQL & " ([Account]) "
strSQL = strSQL & " SELECT [Account] "
strSQL = strSQL & " FROM "
strSQL = strSQL & " OPENDATASOURCE('Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0', 'Data Source=" & strXLSource & "')...[tblAccounts$] "
Debug.Print strSQL
cn.Execute strSQL, lngRecsAff, adExecuteNoRecords
Debug.Print "Records affected: " & lngRecsAff
cn.Close
End Sub