ComboBox Lists can be Ranges or Arrays, But not the results of Formulas. The Names in your workbook show that "List1" and "List2" are formulas.
A VBA Function can return an array or a Range Address.
If you want to start with a Listless ComboBox, use the Exit Event sub, then pass the typed in .Value to a Function that returns an Array of the List Items
Private Sub ComboBox1_Exit(ByVal Cancel As MSForms.ReturnBoolean)
With ComboBox1
If .ListCount = 0 Then
Cancel = True
.List = GetListitems(.Value)
.SetFocus
Else
'do something else
End If
End With
End Sub
Private Function GetListitems(Value_NotUsedIn_ThisDemo) As Variant
GetListitems = Array("Item1", "Item2")
End Function