I believe that these are the rules
Rule 1
A1 = 1/4/2017 -- Not aligned since not first day of month
Rule2
A1 = 1/1/2017
C1 = 1/2/2017, D1 = 2/3/2017, E1 = 3/4/2017 -- not aligned since A1 is first of month but A1 not = any of C1, D1, E1
Rule3
A1 = 1/1/2017
C1 = 1/2/2017, D1 = 2/3/2017, E1 = 1/1/2017 -- aligned since A1 = E1
I'm not sure that Rule3 is needed since if all of C1, D1, and E1 <> A1 fails, then at least one of the 3 must = A1
Option Explicit
Function Aligned(Date1 As Date, Date2 As Date, Date3 As Date, Date4 As Date) As String
Aligned = "Not Aligned"
If Day(Date1) <> 1 Then Exit Function
If Date1 <> Date2 And Date1 <> Date2 And Date1 <> Date4 Then Exit Function
Aligned = "Aligned"
End Function