This is relatively straightforward with a macro to process the items in your sent items folder. The only issue unclear is where you have created the folders containing the names and numbers.
The following assumes that these folders are sub-folders of the same root folder that Sent Items is located in. If they are somewhere else then you will need to change the location where indicated.
Sub FileSent()
'Graham Mayor - http://www.gmayor.com - Last updated - 22 Jul 2017
Dim oFolder As Folder
Dim oParent As Folder
Dim oSubFolder As Folder
Dim oItem As Object
Dim vSubject As Variant
Dim sFolder As String
Dim bFound As Boolean
Set oFolder = Session.GetDefaultFolder(olFolderSentMail)
'set the following line to the location where your named folders are stored
Set oParent = Session.GetDefaultFolder(olFolderSentMail).Parent
For Each oItem In oFolder.Items
bFound = False
If InStr(1, oItem.Subject, "|") > 0 Then
If InStr(1, oItem.Subject, "[#") > 0 Then
vSubject = Split(oItem.Subject, "|")
sFolder = Replace(vSubject(1), "[#", "(")
sFolder = Replace(Trim(sFolder), "]", ")")
For Each oSubFolder In oParent.folders
If oSubFolder.Name = sFolder Then
oItem.Move oSubFolder
bFound = True
Exit For
End If
Next oSubFolder
If Not bFound Then
Set oSubFolder = oParent.folders.Add(sFolder)
oItem.Move oSubFolder
End If
End If
End If
DoEvents
Next oItem
lbl_Exit:
Set oFolder = Nothing
Set oParent = Nothing
Set oSubFolder = Nothing
Set oItem = Nothing
Exit Sub
End Sub