path isn't being recognised as a variable in your code because it's inside quotes. You can either do something like this:
Path = "C:\Users\blah\Downloads\blah.pdf"
ActiveWorkbook.Queries.Add Name:="Table004 (Page 1) (2)", Formula:= _
"let" & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & " Source = Pdf.Tables(File.Contents(""" & Path & """), [Implementation=""1.3""])," & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & " Table004 = Source{[Id=""Table004""]}[Data]," & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & " #""Changed Type"" = Table.TransformColumnTypes(Table004,{{""Column1"", type text}, {""Column2"", type number}, {""Column3"", type text}, {""Colu" & _
"mn4"", type text}, {""Column5"", type number}, {""Column6"", type text}, {""Column7"", type number}})" & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & "in" & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & " #""Changed Type"""
or have the code include a path step so it looks like:
2022-05-05_190256.jpg
Where the code for that could be:
ActiveWorkbook.Queries.Add Name:="Table004 (Page 1) (2)", Formula:= _
"let" & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & " path = ""C:\Users\blah\Downloads\blah.pdf""," & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & " Source = Pdf.Tables(File.Contents(path), [Implementation=""1.3""])," & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & " Table004 = Source{[Id=""Table004""]}[Data]," & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & " #""Changed Type"" = Table.TransformColumnTypes(Table004,{{""Column1"", type text}, {""Column2"", type number}, {""Column3"", type text}, {""Column4"", type text}, {""Column5"", type number}, {""Colum" & _
"n6"", type text}, {""Column7"", type number}})" & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & "in" & Chr(13) & "" & Chr(10) & " #""Changed Type"""
or some combination of the above.
BUT, you might be able to do without vba altogether since you can easily grab data from a sheet into Power Query; if you have a single cell named range, say fullPathAndName in the sheet, PQ can grab that data with the likes of:
2022-05-05_204335.jpg