FWIW, my macro solution would be:
Sub Demo()
    Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    With ActiveDocument.Range.Find
        .ClearFormatting
        .Replacement.ClearFormatting
        .Forward = True
        .Wrap = wdFindContinue
        .Format = False
        .MatchWildcards = True
        .Replacement.Text = ""
        .Text = "(\<)(identifiant\>)*\1/\2^13"
        .Execute Replace:=wdReplaceAll
        .Text = "(\<)(image\>)*\1/\2*(\<)(lieu\>)*\3/\4^13"
        .Execute Replace:=wdReplaceAll
        .Text = "(\<)(enqueteur\>)*\1/\2*(\<)(contexte\>)*\3/\4^13"
        .Execute Replace:=wdReplaceAll
        .Text = "(\<)(DonneesMorpho\>)*\1/\2*(\<)(DonneesSynt\>)*\3/\4^13"
        .Execute Replace:=wdReplaceAll
        .Text = "(\<)(type\>)*\1/\2*(\<)(DateMiseAJour\>)*\3/\4^13"
        .Execute Replace:=wdReplaceAll
    End With
    Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub
Note: As coded, it won't process the lines:
<DonneesMorpho>qyjqyjsqjs</DonneesMorpho>
<DonneesSynt>jsysjuu</DonnesSynt>
because the tags on the last line are mis-matched.