First off, I should point out I'm no Exchange Server guru, but here's how I understand the process...

All this info is held as MAPI properties (such as PR_CLIENT_SUBMIT_TIME) and only some of those are transposed into the equivalent mail item properties. I'm not sure when the date localisation occurs or whether the original MAPI properties are updated or left as original but either way you would need some implementation of the MAPI SDK like Redemption or Outlook Spy to access these.