Move the Select Case to a Function, but rewrite the Case's like

Private Function CharType(Letter As String) As String
   Select Case AscW(Letter) 
    Case  < 48 'do nothing
    Case < 58 '0-9
        CharType = "English
  Case is = (Number for Space)
CharType = "Space"
'
'
'
End Select
End Function
Then your loop
For L = 1 To .Characters.Count 
If CharType(.Characters(L)) = "English" Then
        With .Characters(L) 
            .Font.Color = vbRed 
            .LanguageID = msoLanguageIDEnglishUS 
        End With 

ElseIf CharType(.Characters(L)) = "Space" Then
If CharType(.Characters(L - 1)) = "English" And CharType(.Characters(L + 1)) = "English" Then
'Do Space Stuff on Character L
End If
End If
Next L