You have set the range in the With, so you should colour that. By adding Cells before the colour statements, you are colouring the whole sheet
Private Sub PartOptional() 'Sets the part importance to required by coloring the cells appropriately and setting the importance number in Column S. With ActiveSheet .Cells(ActiveCell.Row, "S").Value = 4 With .Cells(ActiveCell.Row, "A").Resize(, 5) .Interior.Color = RGB(204, 255, 255) End With End With End Sub