Seems like a Rube Goldburg process to me, but you could collect your Excel defined phrases in an array when the document opens:

Option Explicit
Private m_arrPhrases As Variant
Sub AutoOpen()
Dim strWorkbook As String
Dim lngIndex As Long
  strWorkbook = ThisDocument.Path & "\Phrases.xlsx" 'Change to suit your actual Excel path.
  If Dir(strWorkbook) = "" Then
    MsgBox "Cannot find the designated workbook: " & strWorkbook, vbExclamation
    Exit Sub
  End If
  'Builds array of phrases from a sheet named "Sales Report"
  m_arrPhrases = fcnExcelDataToArray(strWorkbook, "Sales Report")
lbl_Exit:
  Exit Sub
End Sub
Private Function fcnExcelDataToArray(strWorkbook As String, _
                                     Optional strRange As String = "Sheet1", _
                                     Optional bIsSheet As Boolean = True, _
                                     Optional bHeaderRow As Boolean = True) As Variant
'Default parameters include "Sheet1" as the named sheet, range of the full named sheet and a header row is used.
Dim oRS As Object, oConn As Object
Dim lngRows As Long
Dim strHeaderYES_NO As String
  strHeaderYES_NO = "YES"
  If Not bHeaderRow Then strHeaderYES_NO = "NO"
  If bIsSheet Then strRange = strRange & "$]" Else strRange = strRange & "]"
  Set oConn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
  oConn.Open ConnectionString:="Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;" & _
        "Data Source=" & strWorkbook & ";" & _
        "Extended Properties=""Excel 12.0 Xml;HDR=" & strHeaderYES_NO & """;"
  Set oRS = CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
  oRS.Open "SELECT * FROM [" & strRange, oConn, 2, 1
  With oRS
    .MoveLast
    lngRows = .RecordCount
    .MoveFirst
  End With
  fcnExcelDataToArray = oRS.GetRows(lngRows)
lbl_Exit:
  If oRS.State = 1 Then oRS.Close
  Set oRS = Nothing
  If oConn.State = 1 Then oConn.Close
  Set oConn = Nothing
  Exit Function
End Function
Sub Macro0()
  Selection.InsertAfter m_arrPhrases(0, 0)
End Sub
Sub Macro1()
  Selection.InsertAfter m_arrPhrases(0, 1)
End Sub
Sub Macro2()
  Selection.InsertAfter m_arrPhrases(0, 2)
End Sub