FWIW, Graham's code will work IF the Subject line is 'close enough' to your pattern
Maybe you need to add error checks to make sure that you're dealing with a voice mail message, that there is a phone number, etc. ??
Option Explicit
Sub test()
Dim PhoneNumberString As String
' PhoneNumberString = Item.Subject
PhoneNumberString = "Voicemail received from (647) 906-8121 (0:04s) on ext 500" ' <<<<<<<<<<<<< just for test
PhoneNumberString = Mid(PhoneNumberString, InStr(1, PhoneNumberString, "("))
PhoneNumberString = Left(PhoneNumberString, InStr(2, PhoneNumberString, "(") - 1)
MsgBox PhoneNumberString
End Sub