Here are my articles on creating character styles for proofing language settings using vba.
- Using Styles for Proofing Language Settings - Microsoft Community
- Creating "No proofing" styles in Microsoft Word - No Spell Check character style and Code paragraph style - keep text from being checked for spelling or grammar
They may help you. They do check for existing styles and discuss assigning keyboard shortcuts.
Look into the Emphasis and Strong styles that come with Word.