I suspect the supplied results are the results of counting mites in the field (hive?)??
I think I can explain how some of these numbers could be calculated:
the r value is like what the bank quotes you when they say you get 5% interest per year. Using that 5% per year you can calculate what your money will be in a year's time; you simply multiply your starting amount by 1.05. That 1.05 comes from 5% (=.05) plus 1. After the second year your money will be:
your initial sum *1.05 * 1.05, or initial sum * 1.05 ^2 (squared),
after three years it'll be: initial sum * 1.05 ^3 etc.
The r value of .021 is 2.1% increase, but it's per day. The left hand column is in months, so the monthly increase is:
the previous month's population * 1.021^30
where the 30 is the number of days in a month (whether 30, or an average number of days in a month, or the actual number of days in the month concerned has been used, I don't know).
See attached workbook where I've added a couple of columns where column H might be something like how a population column might be created.